Waipara
Waipara | |
|---|---|
Settlement | |
 Glenmark Train Station | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 43°04′S 172°45′E / 43.067°S 172.750°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Canterbury |
| Territorial authority | Hurunui District |
| Ward | East Ward |
| Electorates | |
| Government | |
| • Territorial Authority | Hurunui District Council |
| • Regional council | Environment Canterbury |
| • Mayor of Hurunui | Marie Black |
| • Kaikōura MP | Stuart Smith |
| • Te Tai Tonga MP | Tākuta Ferris |
| Area | |
| • Total | 0.59 km2 (0.23 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2024)[2] | |
| • Total | 320 |
| • Density | 540/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (New Zealand Standard Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+13 (New Zealand Daylight Time) |
Waipara is a wine and tourism district in Canterbury, New Zealand, on the banks of the Waipara River. Its name translates to "Muddy Water", wai meaning water and para meaning mud.
It is at the junction of state highways 1 and 7, on the Alpine Pacific Touring Route. It is 60 kilometres north of Christchurch, and Hanmer Springs is 76 kilometres (55 minutes drive) to the north-west. It is also situated on the Main North Line railway and the historic Weka Pass Railway.
Waipara lies at one of the points of the Alpine Pacific Triangle,[3] which also includes the major tourist centres of Hanmer Springs and Kaikōura.
The Weka Pass Railway has its base in Waipara, and runs on 12 kilometres of track between there and Waikari over the former route of the Waiau Branch, a branch line railway that diverged from the Main North Line and ran to Waiau.[4] The Glenmark station is based in Waipara.
The Glenmark church reopened in December 2023, having been damaged during the 2010 Christchurch earthquakes and then closed for repairs.[5] The Waipara Hotel burnt down in 2014. It was not insured at the time and has not been replaced.[6]
The Waipara region has a reputation as a premium area for the production of Pinot noir, Riesling and Chardonnay. Waipara is sheltered by the Teviot hills from the prevailing cool easterly winds and has the highest summer temperatures and the lowest rainfall of any of the New Zealand wine regions. Because of this, Waipara has over 26 wineries and 80 vineyards within the valley, which collectively produce around 100,000 cases of award-winning wine in an average year.[7] Many of the vineyards offer tastings at their cellar doors and some also have restaurants attached.[8]
There are a number of day walks close in Waipara including Tiromoana Bush Walkway[9][10] and the Mt Cass Walkway[11] which is closed during lambing season. Waipara would have been once been covered in tōtara, lacebark, kōwhai, lancewood and broadleaf forest.[12] It is now predominantly vineyards. There have been a number of ongoing projects to increase the biodiversity of the area. Work is ongoing to plant native species in Waipara's shelter belts, stream boundaries, pond edges and vineyard borders. These have provided benefits in pollination, pest control and weed suppression. It has worked so well that the plantings have resulted in a drop in the use of pesticides in the vineyards.[12] The Waipara Environmental Trapping Association (WETA) is aiming to trap rats and other introduced species with the aim of making Waipara a predator-free paradise for native birds.[13]
In 2023 Australian-owned company Far North Solar Farm Ltd applied for consent to build a 180-hectare solar farm in Waipara on a site located between vineyards and the Alpine-Pacific Touring Route.[14] The application attracted local opposition[15][16] and a community group was established to oppose the proposal.[17]
Fossils
[edit]Waipara is also known for some of the fossils discovered there including the Waipara penguin[18] which is the second oldest penguin fossil to be found, a 62 million year old seabird Protodontopteryx ruthae[19][20] and the Waipara turtle which is estimated to grow to 3 metres long and weigh around 600 kg,[21] The first example of the extinct Haast's Eagle was found on Glenmark Station near Waipara in 1871.[22]
Demographics
[edit]Waipara is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement and covers 0.59 km2 (0.23 sq mi).[1] It had an estimated population of 320 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 542 people per km2. Waipara is part of the larger Omihi statistical area.[23]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 258 | — |
| 2013 | 267 | +0.49% |
| 2018 | 312 | +3.16% |
| Source: [24] | ||
Waipara had a population of 312 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 45 people (16.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 54 people (20.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 117 households, comprising 165 males and 150 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.1 males per female, with 66 people (21.2%) aged under 15 years, 42 (13.5%) aged 15 to 29, 153 (49.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 57 (18.3%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 94.2% European/Pākehā, 7.7% Māori, and 2.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 69.2% had no religion, and 20.2% were Christian.
Of those at least 15 years old, 15 (6.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 72 (29.3%) people had no formal qualifications. 27 people (11.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 141 (57.3%) people were employed full-time, 39 (15.9%) were part-time, and 6 (2.4%) were unemployed.[24]
Education
[edit]
Waipara School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,[25] with a roll of 38 as of August 2024.[26] Waipara School was established in 1917.
Sports
[edit]Waipara and Omihi are the catchment area to the Glenmark Rugby Club. The Glenmark rugby club rooms burnt down in 2015. There have been ten All Blacks who have played for Glenmark over the years including Todd Blackadder, Robbie Deans, Bruce Deans, Craig Green, and Andy Earl.[27] Glenmark has had success in the North Canterbury Rugby Competition winning the title in 2016 by beating the Ashley Rugby Club.[28]
The Waipara Classic cycle race starts and finishes in Waipara. It has varied in length between 61 km and 90 km over the years.[29]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Waipara West, elevation 130 m (430 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.4 (99.3) |
38.0 (100.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
27.6 (81.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.8 (85.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 32.1 (89.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
29.7 (85.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.9 (82.2) |
29.8 (85.6) |
33.4 (92.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.8 (46.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.5 (52.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
3.0 (37.4) |
2.5 (36.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
10.4 (50.7) |
7.1 (44.7) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
0.7 (33.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
2 (36) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 47.5 (1.87) |
45.2 (1.78) |
43.8 (1.72) |
58.6 (2.31) |
45.8 (1.80) |
58.3 (2.30) |
57.3 (2.26) |
54.8 (2.16) |
51.6 (2.03) |
56.2 (2.21) |
52.8 (2.08) |
52.3 (2.06) |
624.2 (24.58) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 247.0 | 231.9 | 216.7 | 187.5 | 165.7 | 130.8 | 140.5 | 172.3 | 199.6 | 243.1 | 246.4 | 243.1 | 2,424.6 |
| Source: NIWA[30][31] | |||||||||||||
Notable residents
[edit]George Henry Moore was the owner of Glenmark Station just to the north of Waipara. At one stage there were 90,000 sheep and it was the most valuable farm in New Zealand.[32]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "Christchurch to Kaikoura to Hanmer Springs". Newzealand.com. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
- ^ "Waipara, New Zealand". Weka Pass Railway Inc. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^ "Waipara is fading, long-time locals say". Stuff. 22 May 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ "Waipara Hotel fire a 'random accident'". Stuff. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ Silverstripe. "Waipara · Hurunui District Council". Hurunui.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
- ^ "Things to see and do in Waipara, New Zealand". www.newzealand.com. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "A wild and woolly time on the Tiromoana Bush Walkway". Stuff. 15 November 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Tiromoana Bush Walk". The Pools | Hanmer Springs Thermal Pools and Spa. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Mt Cass Walkway". The Pools | Hanmer Springs Thermal Pools and Spa. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b Group, Rural News. "Greening Waipara". www.ruralnewsgroup.co.nz. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "North Canterbury village aiming for predator-free goal". Stuff. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Far North Solar Farm plans to install 200 hectares of solar panels on North Canterbury farm". RNZ. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "Solar farm divides community". Ashburton Guardian. 5 May 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Bristow, Robyn (16 August 2023). "Solar farm proposal 'making locals' blood boil'". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Valley, Save Waipara. "Save Waipara Valley". Save Waipara Valley. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "Waipara penguin | New Zealand Birds Online". nzbirdsonline.org.nz. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Bird fossil discovery in Canterbury upends theory". RNZ. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Scientists discover one of world's oldest bird species at Waipara". Royal Society Te Apārangi. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Waipara". Canterbury Museum. Retrieved 10 October 2020. [dead link]
- ^ "Terror of the forest". New Zealand Geographic. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Omihi
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. 7023871 and 7023872.
- ^ "Waipara School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
- ^ "Waipara School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office. [dead link]
- ^ "All Blacks history destroyed in North Canterbury rugby club fire". Stuff. 28 August 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ "Glenmark back on top in North Canterbury rugby after grand final comeback win over Ashley". Stuff. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ "2019 Road Results". pegasus.omegatech.co.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020. [dead link]
- ^ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Waipara West Ews". NIWA. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ^ "CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers: 4797, 4794, 26607)". NIWA. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "Glenmark station, North Canterbury". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 10 October 2020.